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As an Aerophilatelist, the first Air-India flight on 8th June 1948 from Bombay to London, holds a special place in my heart. I have spent many happy days reading up and researching this event, and built an interesting collection of airmail covers and other ephemera around the flight which I will present in this section.
The significance of the event itself can be gauged by the circumstances surrounding the flight. India was a newly born dominion, and attained Independence in August 1947, just a few months ago. Independence also brought about vivisection of our nation into India and Pakistan. Just as we were settling down to nation building, this partition resulted in the greatest migration in history as people from one nation tried to cross over to the other, and violent riots and other atrocities followed. In the middle of all this and various other challenges in dealing with division of vital national assets and government machinery, we were left with a nation impoverished because of the huge loans India gave to Britain to deal with the British war effort.
Around this time, Mr. J. R. D. Tata (JRD) wrote to Mr. Nehru, our Prime Minister, suggesting that the Government of India sponsor an international airline, and out of this, Air-India International was born in March 1948. The airline was owned 49% by the Govt. of India, 25% by Tatas, and 26% by other shareholders, with the Govt. having an option to increase their shareholding by 2% any time, at their option.
On account of an order cancellation by another airline, Air-India managed to get delivery of 3 Lockheed Constellation L-749A aircraft very soon thereafter, and planned their first commercial flight on 8 June 1948.
Enjoy scarce footage of the first flight (camera copy of a very poor quality film)
Scarce footage from a short Films Division documentary on the first Air-India flight. The Malabar Princess flew from Bombay to London on 8 June 1948, and carried the Indian Tricolour over international skies for the first time. This is a poor quality camera copy of the documentary being projected in a function much later. It is in Hindi, and I will post sub-titles in English sometime later.
So, back to our story:
Besides the circumstances under which the airline was born, this flight has many interesting features for the philatelist. I will attempt to bring them out in this gallery.
Besides the circumstances under which the airline was born, this flight has many interesting features for the philatelist. I will attempt to bring them out in this gallery.
Prologue: The fist stamp issue of an independent nation
Independent India had just released one set of three postage stamps until the Air-India issue. The 3 1/2 anna value stamp on the top left was issued on 21 November 1947, and the other two values on 15 December 1947. Here we see all three stamps with a clear strike PONDICHERRY, 15 DEC 47, 6-PM. The 12 anna stamp shows the Douglas DC-4 Aircraft, and this was the base airmail letter rate to Britain.
The postal authorities decided to issue a special commemorative stamp for the Air-India flight on 8 June 1948. All the more, they decided that this would be printed in limited quantities, and be valid only for use on the day of the flight, and that too, only on mail to be flown on that flight. This was something really unique. Imagine a postage stamp issued valid for use on only one day, and on only one plane journey, from Bombay to London, via Cairo and Geneva.
The importance given to this flight can even be understood when we consider that Mahatma Gandhi, the father of our nation, was assassinated on 30 January 1948, and even the set of stamps issued to honour his memory were issued later, on 15th August 1948, after the Air-India issue. Really, the launch of the Air-India International service was an event the entire nation was proud of!
So, 570,000 stamps were printed, and issued. A set of postal notices and DG circulars were put out explaining how these were to be distributed and used, and the special arrangements being made for carriage of these stamps on the flight.
The postal authorities decided to issue a special commemorative stamp for the Air-India flight on 8 June 1948. All the more, they decided that this would be printed in limited quantities, and be valid only for use on the day of the flight, and that too, only on mail to be flown on that flight. This was something really unique. Imagine a postage stamp issued valid for use on only one day, and on only one plane journey, from Bombay to London, via Cairo and Geneva.
The importance given to this flight can even be understood when we consider that Mahatma Gandhi, the father of our nation, was assassinated on 30 January 1948, and even the set of stamps issued to honour his memory were issued later, on 15th August 1948, after the Air-India issue. Really, the launch of the Air-India International service was an event the entire nation was proud of!
So, 570,000 stamps were printed, and issued. A set of postal notices and DG circulars were put out explaining how these were to be distributed and used, and the special arrangements being made for carriage of these stamps on the flight.
The Air-India special Issue - Issued after the first set of Independent India stamps
This postage stamp issued only for use on this flight
A block of four 12 as value stamps issued to commemorate the first flight from Bombay to London. The stamp shows a Lockheed Constellation L-749A Airplane with the legend AIR-INDIA INTERNATIONAL, FIRST FLIGHT, 8TH JUNE 1948, INDIA POSTAGE, 12 AS.
The 29th May 1948 First Day Cover. (This was not supposed to exist)
Once you read the DG's circular and the Postal Notices listed below, you will learn that, while the sale of stamps was permitted, starting on 29th May 1948 at various post offices across India, no post office was permitted to cancel these stamps on the date of issue, or even anytime after that, except the G.P.O. at Bombay which was to use the special boxed rectangular cachet on the day of the flight, 8th June 1948. Hence, according to the postal instructions, no First Day Covers were supposed to exist. However, a few examples of covers cancelled on 29th May 1948 do exist, and they are much sought after by collectors.
A registered Air-India souvenir cover cancelled on 29th May 1948 at Cawnpore. Read more about this very special cover by clicking the link below.
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An even more interesting cover that was cancelled at Bombay on 29th May 1948. Read more about this very special cover by clicking the link below
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The Director General's Post Office Circular and the Postal Notice
Please read these documents very carefully. They contain the essence of this fascinating tale.
Please read these documents very carefully. They contain the essence of this fascinating tale.
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Postage Stamps: Constant errors
The Broken Tail variety: The center vertical fin in the tailplane has a break on the leading edge and appears broken.
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The Extra Porthole variety: There is an extra porthole visible in the undercarriage towards the center of the fuselage.
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The spot under the left wing. There is a spot under the left wing close to the fuselage with a white spot.
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There are three known types of constant errors in these stamps. They are illustrated above.
Broken Tail' variety
You will notice that the center fin of the tailplane has a break in the leading edge. The Official Souvenir cover is correctly franked 14 as. which was the postal rate to Switzerland, and went on the first flight from Bombay to Geneva.
You will notice that the center fin of the tailplane has a break in the leading edge. The Official Souvenir cover is correctly franked 14 as. which was the postal rate to Switzerland, and went on the first flight from Bombay to Geneva.
Broken Tail' variety
Air-India International. First Flight from Bombay to London.
8th June 1948
Cover mailed in Bangalore and addressed to Olaho, Portugal.
‘Broken Tail error’ stamp on cover.
Air-India International souvenir cover franked with a superb block of four with two side margins indicating position of the stamps at the bottom right corner of the sheet. The stamps are cancelled at G.P.O. Bombay by the boxed rectangular first flight cachet. Mailed from Bangalore, and addressed to Olaho, Algarve, Portugal, the cover would have flown Bombay to London on Air-India International’s inaugural flight, arriving on 9 June, and then onward to Lisbon by perhaps B.O.A.C., and onward from Lisbon to it’s final destination. There is a transit mark at Lisbon, CORREIOS, LISBOA, 11 JUN 48 21H, III, CTT, and a faint delivery mark at OLAHO CTT. Other covers sent by Alberto a. Lopez of Bangalore to Olhao have also been seen.
This one is franked 48a, and clearly over stamped as the airmail rate to Portugal was 14a. However, this has one hidden beauty. Each sheet of this issue had 20 rows and 8 columns adding up to 160 stamps per sheet, and approximately 3,500 sheets were printed. The constant error of the Broken Tail variety is on row 20 column 7 of the sheet. Thanks to the two sides margins, we can identify the error stamp on the bottom left of this block of four.
Given the visible damage to three corners of the cover and pinhole damage on the fourth corner, it appears this was badly mounted for display, and the damage occurred when removing this. Also visible stains and foxing indicate poor storage and age, but still a beauty in any collection.
Air-India International. First Flight from Bombay to London.
8th June 1948
Cover mailed in Bangalore and addressed to Olaho, Portugal.
‘Broken Tail error’ stamp on cover.
Air-India International souvenir cover franked with a superb block of four with two side margins indicating position of the stamps at the bottom right corner of the sheet. The stamps are cancelled at G.P.O. Bombay by the boxed rectangular first flight cachet. Mailed from Bangalore, and addressed to Olaho, Algarve, Portugal, the cover would have flown Bombay to London on Air-India International’s inaugural flight, arriving on 9 June, and then onward to Lisbon by perhaps B.O.A.C., and onward from Lisbon to it’s final destination. There is a transit mark at Lisbon, CORREIOS, LISBOA, 11 JUN 48 21H, III, CTT, and a faint delivery mark at OLAHO CTT. Other covers sent by Alberto a. Lopez of Bangalore to Olhao have also been seen.
This one is franked 48a, and clearly over stamped as the airmail rate to Portugal was 14a. However, this has one hidden beauty. Each sheet of this issue had 20 rows and 8 columns adding up to 160 stamps per sheet, and approximately 3,500 sheets were printed. The constant error of the Broken Tail variety is on row 20 column 7 of the sheet. Thanks to the two sides margins, we can identify the error stamp on the bottom left of this block of four.
Given the visible damage to three corners of the cover and pinhole damage on the fourth corner, it appears this was badly mounted for display, and the damage occurred when removing this. Also visible stains and foxing indicate poor storage and age, but still a beauty in any collection.
Extra Porthole' error
This is on a Registered Air-India International Souvenir cover flown on the first flight from Bombay to London, and then onward to New York. The cover is franked with a block of four 12 a. special postage stamps issued for use on that date. The correct rate would be 24 as., and it has been overstamped by another 24 as
This is on a Registered Air-India International Souvenir cover flown on the first flight from Bombay to London, and then onward to New York. The cover is franked with a block of four 12 a. special postage stamps issued for use on that date. The correct rate would be 24 as., and it has been overstamped by another 24 as
Spot under the left wing error
Souvenir cover prepared by the postal department for the occasion and franked with the 12as Air-India stamp issue, tied with the special boxed rectangular cachet, addressed to London.
There is a spot under the left wing close to the fuselage with a white spot. Inking error on the stamp.
Souvenir cover prepared by the postal department for the occasion and franked with the 12as Air-India stamp issue, tied with the special boxed rectangular cachet, addressed to London.
There is a spot under the left wing close to the fuselage with a white spot. Inking error on the stamp.
Official & Air-India Souvenir Covers
Special small white Air Mail covers with the Tricolour and the first flight legend for the event were issued free of cost by the postal authorities and larger red colour covers with an image of the aircraft and the legend were issued by Air-India as well.
Postage Rates - A comedy of errors
The Postal Notice above clearly mentions acceptance of mail on this flight for carriage to Cairo, Geneva and London, and onward destinations. Now the minimum Letter rate for Air Mail was 12 as. for London, and the 12 as. stamp issued was just fine. Apparently, while issuing the stamp, the postal authorities overlooked the fact that the rate for Cairo was just 10 as., and hence all mail to Cairo with this stamp meant that postage was overpaid by 2 as. This in itself would be comic enough, but the matter was complicated further with the franking of mail to Geneva. The equivalent rate for mail to Geneva was 14 as., and hence if all letters were simply franked with the 12 as. stamp then they would be under franked by 2 as., and the postal authorities in India would be correct in refusing to carry these letters, or for the Swiss postal authorities to tax the mail. The Swiss postal authorities were kind enough to allow most of the understamped mail to pass through without taxing it, but examples with 'postage due' stamps and marks do exist and are very collectible.
The Special Flight Cachet
The Postal Authorities had made arrangements for all mail to be carried on this flight to be sent to the Bombay G.P.O., where they would use a special boxed rectangular cachet to cancel the postage stamp. This special boxed cachet had an illustration of a vintage airplane, and the words AIR MAIL, BOMBAY-LONDON, 8-6-48, FIRST FLIGHT. These were applied in Bombay only, regardless of where the letters were posted.
Local Cancellations - against the Postal Dept. instructions.
Despite clear instructions to all post offices not to deface stamps, and to send all mail for this flight to Bombay G.P.O., some post offices applied local cancellation marks, and the covers still made it on the flight. So, the stamps were cancelled locally, but the boxed cachet was applied in Bombay.
Private First Flight Covers
Some philatelists and stamp dealers produced private covers/cachets to commemorate the flight, and sent mail on this service using them. An excellent listing of these was first published by Praful Thakkar in his Collectors Guide to First Day Covers etc. in 2010. These covers are illustrated in my gallery reachable by clicking the button below.
Interesting Places of Origin and Destination
Such was the interest in this flight, that persons from all across India prepared covers to be flown on this flight, some from places of origin you cannot imagine. Likewise, all mail was not addressed only to Cairo, Geneva and London. Mail was sent far and wide using the halts are trans-shipment points. In the gallery below, we present a selection of interesting covers from this perspective.
More Interesting Covers
There are several other interesting aspects to study when collecting flight covers related to this flight. Some of them are:
- Covers that are franked with an interesting combination of stamps
- Covers that actually carry an arrival postmark in the UK
- Covers that were not flown, but mailed within India only
- Covers that missed the flight, and went on a later flight
- Examples of later usage of the special Air-India postage stamp.
London Arrival stamp was affixed on inward registered mail
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Late usage on the 12 as. Air-India stamp. This is an example
of a 1 August 1953 Philatelic Bureau special cancellation. |
Return Flight Covers Gallery
The Return flight left London on the morning of 12 June, landing in Bombay on 13 June after halting at Geneva and Cairo. Return mail on this flight is not very common, and only a limited number are thought to exist. Each of the three points of origin have an interesting story, which I will recount in this page. Additionally, no mail originating from any other location has been seen.
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Award Winning Exhibit
Silver Medal winning exhibit of Ashish Talwar - Braziliana 2013
Enjoy this superb and very informative single frame exhibit by Ashish Talar, Delhi's leading professional philatelist, and expert on Air-India flight mail.
Enjoy this superb and very informative single frame exhibit by Ashish Talar, Delhi's leading professional philatelist, and expert on Air-India flight mail.